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Approaches to evaluation of mitral stenosis. Level of recommendations: (1) appropriate in all patients (yellow); (2) reasonable when additional information is needed in selected patients (green); and (3) not recommended (blue).

AR, aortic regurgitation; CSA, cross-sectional area; DFT, diastolic filling time; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; MR, mitral regurgitation; MS, mitral stenosis; MVA, mitral valve area; MVres, mitral valve resistance; ΔP, gradient; sPAP,  systolic pulmonary artery pressure; r, the radius of the convergence hemisphere, RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; T1/2, pressure half-time; v, velocity; VTI. velocity time integral; N, number of instantaneous measurements.